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Skin allergy testing

Skin allergy testing is a procedure used by healthcare providers to identify substances that may trigger allergic reactions in a person. The test is typically performed by an allergist and involves exposing the skin to small amounts of allergens to observe any reactions. There are two common types of skin allergy tests:

Skin Prick Test (SPT):

  • This is the most common type of skin allergy test.
  • Small drops of allergens are placed on the skin (usually on the forearm or back).
  • A tiny needle or lancet is used to prick the skin, allowing the allergen to enter the outer layer of skin.
  • If you are allergic to a substance, a small raised bump (similar to a mosquito bite) will appear at the site within 15-20 minutes.

Intradermal Test:

  • This test is used for allergens that might not show up in the skin prick test.
  • A small amount of allergen is injected just beneath the surface of the skin.
  • It’s more sensitive than the skin prick test, so it’s often used when a stronger reaction is expected.

Patch Test:

  • This test is used to identify allergic reactions to substances like fragrances, metals, or other chemicals, which can cause delayed reactions.
  • Small amounts of allergens are applied to patches and placed on the skin for 48 hours.
  • The patches are typically worn on the back or arms, and the skin is checked for reactions after 48 and 72 hours.

When to get tested:

  • You experience persistent allergy symptoms (such as sneezing, itching, hives, or asthma) and your doctor suspects that allergens are the cause.
  • You are unsure about what triggers your allergic reactions.
  • You have had a severe allergic reaction in the past and want to determine potential causes.